To expedite the construction of its high-speed railway system, China is turning to AI-controlled robots specially designed for the task. The use of artificial intelligence in this significant national project reflects China’s commitment to strategic technology and innovation. While this advancement highlights the nation’s push towards automation, cautionary notes regarding construction standards and overbuilding have been raised. Nevertheless, the increasing reliance on robotic workers is driven by the need for a reliable workforce amidst the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and a projected decrease in the country’s population.
Robotic workers to become the future of construction
As Beijing maintained its zero-tolerance policy for COVID-19, the country sought alternatives to traditional labor for daunting construction jobs. Engineers at Tsinghua University published papers proposing using 3D printers, AI, and robots to complete the 590-foot-tall Yangqu Dam structure by 2024, rendering human workers unnecessary. This innovation has since spurred further developments in AI technology, leading engineers to explore robotic workers capable of laying tracks, welding, painting, and inspecting high-speed train systems.
Advancements in AI-powered railway construction
China introduced automatic workers for its railway system in 2018, capable of laying 1.5 kilometers of track daily. By 2021, precision enhancements will enable robots to complete 2 kilometers of track daily. These AI-controlled robots play a pivotal role in the country’s railway development, particularly in deploying the overhead contact system (OCS) that supplies electric power to trains. The construction of OCS is complex and hazardous, making using robots crucial for ensuring efficiency and safety.
The rise of the robot workforce
The rapid adoption of robots in Chinese factories, accounting for nearly half of all heavy-duty industrial robot installations globally, is driven by multiple factors. The wage increase and decreased cheap labor have prompted China to rely on automated workers to maintain production demands. Moreover, the country’s anticipated birth rate and population decrease further highlights the need for an automatic, age-proof workforce.
Automating the construction process
New automated technology has transformed the construction process, making it more efficient and less labor-intensive. Real-time data collected from construction sites is transmitted to smart warehouses that distribute required materials to factories. These components are then shipped to their destinations, with robots playing a crucial role in transporting materials and performing tasks until human intervention is needed. Self-maintenance and defect identification capabilities have further streamlined the process, marking a significant advancement in transport infrastructure development.
Cautionary notes and prospects
While China’s adoption of AI-controlled robots is impressive, experts caution against overlooking construction standards and overbuilding. The reliance on AI must balance ensuring quality and safety in infrastructure projects. As the country continues to develop its high-speed railway system, integrating AI and robotic technologies holds the promise of accelerating construction. Still, careful attention to regulatory and ethical considerations is essential.
China’s embrace of AI-controlled robots for high-speed railway construction demonstrates its commitment to technological advancement and innovation. Robotic workers address challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and a projected decrease in the country’s population, ensuring a reliable and efficient workforce. As AI continues to shape the future of construction and transportation infrastructure, striking a balance between innovation and regulatory oversight will be critical for successful and sustainable development.
