Russia just put Bitcoin at the center of its economic chessboard. Earlier today, President Vladimir Putin signed a law that not only recognizes Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies as legal property but also brings a lot of new regulations to the industry.
The new law rewrites Russia’s Tax Code, turning crypto into a taxable asset. It exempts mining and sales from value-added tax (VAT), but miners must report their activities to local authorities or risk a fine of 40,000 rubles (about $380).
Trading profits are also on the radar, with a tiered tax system: 13% for earnings under 2.4 million rubles ($22,300) and 15% for anything higher.
Starting next year, all crypto companies will face a standard tax rate of 25%. Most parts of this law are effective immediately, except for a few delayed clauses.
Russia anticipates collecting up to 200 billion rubles (around $2 billion) annually from its booming crypto mining sector. And given the country’s global rank as a mining powerhouse, the numbers don’t seem at all far-fetched.
Mining revenues and sanctions workarounds
Russia has consistently ranked among the top players in crypto mining, with its abundance of cheap energy fueling massive operations. Now on November 1, a government-backed database for large-scale miners was launched under a separate law Putin signed in August.
The stakes are bigger than just domestic control. Russia’s Central Bank has also greenlit a pilot program for cross-border crypto transactions. These transactions are seen as a lifeline for Moscow, allowing the country to sidestep sanctions and purchase restricted goods on international markets.
Crypto’s decentralized nature makes it harder for Western regulators to track, giving Russia a potential edge in accessing critical resources — military or otherwise.
Of course, this doesn’t sit well with the United States. Washington has warned banks in countries like China, Turkey, and the UAE against aiding Moscow’s efforts to bypass sanctions. But let’s be honest, Moscow isn’t losing sleep over U.S. threats these days.
The ruble’s freefall and economic pressures
While Putin is busy legitimizing Bitcoin, the ruble is hitting rock bottom. This week, it sank to 114 against the U.S. dollar, its weakest since March 2022. Russia’s central bank had to step in, halting foreign currency purchases on the domestic market to stabilize the ruble.
By Thursday, it had clawed back some ground, trading at 110 to the dollar, but the damage was done. Putin, as usual, downplayed the crisis. “There are absolutely no grounds for panic,” he said, attributing the ruble’s slide to seasonal factors and budgetary payments.
Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov chimed in, insisting the decline wouldn’t affect ordinary Russians because they earn salaries in rubles. Sure. But analysts aren’t buying it.
Timothy Ash, an emerging markets strategist, described the ruble as being in “free fall,” calling it a proper currency crisis in the making. A weaker ruble means higher inflation, rising interest rates, and slower economic growth.
Inflation was already at 8.5% in October, with staples like butter and potatoes costing significantly more than last year. But don’t get it twisted, the currency collapse is tied to more than just seasonal changes.
New U.S. sanctions targeting Gazprombank have added pressure, while Russia’s war-driven economy is stretching resources thin. Defense spending has skyrocketed, with funds pouring into domestic weapons production.
Despite this, Putin denies the country is sacrificing consumer welfare for military priorities, famously rejecting the notion of “butter for guns.” Meanwhile, the International Monetary Fund recently revised its GDP forecast for Russia, projecting 3.6% growth in 2024.
That’s not bad considering the circumstances, but the IMF also warned of a slowdown in 2025, with growth expected to drop to 1.3%. Private consumption and investment are slowing, labor markets are tightening, and wage growth is losing steam.
As the ruble crumbles and sanctions bite, looks like Bitcoin is stepping up both as a tool and a symbol of economic resistance.
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